Definition of Pronoun (सर्वनाम की परीभाषा)
Pronouns (सर्वनाम)
Definition of Pronoun (सर्वनाम की परिभाषा)
A Pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition and make sentences smoother.
सर्वनाम वह शब्द होता है जो किसी संज्ञा (Noun) के स्थान पर प्रयोग किया जाता है ताकि वाक्य की पुनरावृत्ति न हो।
Examples (उदाहरण)
- John is a good boy.He studies well.
- (Here, He replaces “John”.)
- सीता एक अच्छी लड़की है।वह बहुत पढ़ाई करती है।
- (यहाँ वह “सीता” के स्थान पर प्रयोग हुआ है।)
Kinds of Pronouns (सर्वनाम के प्रकार)
There are eight types of pronouns:
- Personal Pronoun (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Possessive Pronoun (सम्पत्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Reflexive Pronoun (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Demonstrative Pronoun (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Interrogative Pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Relative Pronoun (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Indefinite Pronoun (अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम)
- Reciprocal Pronoun (परस्परवाचक सर्वनाम)
1. Personal Pronoun (व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns refer to a specific person or thing.
Examples:
- I, We, You, He, She, It, They
- मैं, हम, तुम, आप, वह, ये, वे
Sentences:
- She is my best friend. (वह मेरी सबसे अच्छी दोस्त है।)
- We are going to the market. (हम बाजार जा रहे हैं।)
2. Possessive Pronoun (सम्पत्तिवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns show possession or ownership.
Examples:
- Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Ours, Theirs
- मेरा, तुम्हारा, उसका, हमारा, उनका
Sentences:
- This book is mine. (यह किताब मेरी है।)
- That house is theirs. (वह घर उनका है।)
3. Reflexive Pronoun (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
- Myself, Yourself, Himself, Herself, Itself, Ourselves, Themselves
- स्वयं, खुद, खुद को
Sentences:
- She did it herself. (उसने इसे खुद किया।)
- I hurt myself. (मैंने खुद को चोट पहुंचाई।)
4. Demonstrative Pronoun (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns point out specific things.
Examples:
- This, That, These, Those
- यह, वह, ये, वे
Sentences:
- This is my book. (यह मेरी किताब है।)
- Those are beautiful flowers. (वे सुंदर फूल हैं।)
5. Interrogative Pronoun (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns are used to ask questions.
Examples:
- Who, Whom, Whose, What, Which
- कौन, किसका, क्या, कौन-सा
Sentences:
- Who is your best friend? (कौन तुम्हारा सबसे अच्छा दोस्त है?)
- Which is your car? (कौन-सी तुम्हारी गाड़ी है?)
6. Relative Pronoun (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns connect clauses.
Examples:
- Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That
- जो, जिसे, जिसका, कौन-सा, वह
Sentences:
- The girl who is singing is my sister. (वह लड़की जो गा रही है, मेरी बहन है।)
- This is the book that I lost. (यह वही किताब है जो मैंने खो दी थी।)
7. Indefinite Pronoun (अनिश्चितवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns do not refer to any specific person or thing.
Examples:
- Someone, Anyone, Everyone, Nobody, Many, Few, All
- कोई, कुछ, सभी, बहुत, कोई नहीं
Sentences:
- Someone is knocking on the door. (कोई दरवाजा खटखटा रहा है।)
- Many were absent today. (बहुत लोग आज अनुपस्थित थे।)
8. Reciprocal Pronoun (परस्परवाचक सर्वनाम)
These pronouns show mutual relationship.
Examples:
- Each other, One another
- एक-दूसरे, परस्पर
Sentences:
- They love each other. (वे एक-दूसरे से प्यार करते हैं।)
- We should help one another. (हमें परस्पर मदद करनी चाहिए।)
Exercise (अभ्यास)
A. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns:
- ___ is my best friend. (He/She/It)
- I saw ___ in the mirror. (Himself/Herself/Myself)
- This pen is ___. (Mine/Yours/His)
- ___ is knocking at the door? (Who/Whose/Which)
- They respect ___. (Each other/One another)
B. Identify the pronouns in the given sentences:
- We should help the poor.
- This is my new dress.
- Someone has stolen my bag.
- I made it myself.
- He is the one who helped me.
This lesson provides a detailed understanding of pronouns with clear explanations, examples, and exercises in both English and Hindi. Keep practicing to improve your grammar skills!
Exercises on Pronouns
To solidify your understanding of pronouns, we have devised a set of 20 exercises that invite you to practice identifying and employing various types of pronouns. These exercises are crafted to not only challenge your knowledge but also enhance your practical application of pronouns in everyday language. Below you will find different types of exercises focusing on personal, possessive, reflexive, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns, among others.
1. Identify the pronouns in the following sentence: “She gave him her book.”
2. Create a sentence using a reflexive pronoun appropriately.
3. Replace the noun with a demonstrative pronoun in this sentence: “This is the car that I bought.”
4. Fill in the blank with an appropriate possessive pronoun: “That house is _____ (he).”
5. Choose the correct pronoun: “Neither of the boys forgot _____ (their/their’s) lunch.”
6. Write a sentence using an indefinite pronoun.
7. Identify all the pronouns used in this complex sentence: “Although they were unsure, she reassured them that they would succeed.”
8. Change the following sentence to include a personal pronoun: “The teachers are meeting to discuss the curriculum.”
9. Fill in the blank with a suitable reflexive pronoun: “She looked at _____ in the mirror.”
10. Choose the correct form: “Each student must submit _____ (his or her/their) assignment.”
11. Rewrite the following sentence using demonstrative pronouns: “The results of the experiment were conclusive.”
12. Identify the indefinite pronoun in this sentence: “Someone left their umbrella in the office.”
13. Fill in the blanks: “This is _____ (I) bag.”
14. Use a possessive pronoun to replace the underlined phrase: “The book belonging to my brother is on the table.”
15. Change the pronoun in this sentence to a reflexive one: “He washed the car.”
16. Choose the right pronoun: “Few of the students brought _____ (their/their’s) textbooks.”
17. Identify the type of pronoun: “He withstood the challenge.”
18. Complete the sentence using an appropriate demonstrative pronoun: “_____ are my shoes.”
19. Correct the pronoun usage: “Everyone should bring their own lunch.”
20. Create a complex sentence that includes at least one reflexive pronoun, one possessive pronoun, and one demonstrative pronoun.
By engaging with these exercises, you will be able to clarify your understanding of the various forms of pronouns and their proper usage. This practice is essential for developing clarity and precision in written and spoken language.
